考虑经济性和电压稳定性的含电子电力变压器的多目标最优潮流计算

为探究含电子电力变压器的电力系统最优潮流问题,在分析电子电力变压器简化模型、最优潮流的控制变量以及约束条件的基础上,建立了综合考虑经济因素和电压稳定性的含电子电力变压器的多目标最优潮流模型。模型中将减少发电成本和提高负荷裕度指标作为目标函数,考虑了电子电力变压器灵活的有功无功调节能力、有载调压变压器的电压调节能力、可调度负荷及可调无功电源的有功无功调节能力,提出使用基于遗传算法和内点算法的混合算法对最优潮流模型进行求解,算法的主要思想是以遗传算法为框架,对离散变量进行优化,在遗传算法的每一次迭代过程中,采用内点算法对每个体进行连续变量的优化和适应度评估。基于IEEE-14节点算例,分别进行了基于混合算法和基于内点法的最优潮流计算,计算结果验证了文章所提模型的合理性和算法的有效性。     

Densification and high-temperature oxidation behavior of SiC sintered with multicomponent rare-earth additives

This study examined the effects of rare-earth (RE) elements such as Sc, Y, Ce, and Yb on the densification and oxidation of SiC. After adding binary or ternary RE nitrates in liquid form to β-SiC, hot pressing was performed at 1750 °C for 2 h under 20 MPa. RE nitrate was transformed into RE oxide and formed a liquid phase during sintering by a reaction with SiO₂ present on the SiC surface, where the total amount of RE oxide was fixed at 5 wt%. RE-based silicate melts acted as sintering additives without decomposing SiC at high sintering temperatures. SiC containing Sc–Y as an additive showed a much higher density (≥ 99%) than SiC containing the conventional Al–Y additive (∼95%). The multicomponent RE additive with a melting point (T_m) < 1550 °C had a relatively lower density than that with a higher T_m, owing to the evaporation of the additive at 1750 °C. The density of SiC also depended on the additive composition. The oxidation test, conducted at 1300 °C for up to 168 h in air, exhibited a parabolic weight gain. The SiC sample sintered with the Sc–Yb additive achieved the highest resistance of 3.23 × 10⁻⁵ mg/cm⁴·s.